Ventilation Rates
Powered Ventilation Rates for Livestock & Poultry
Type of Livestock
Min Temp. °C/°F
Type of Housing
Min. Winter Rate CFM Per Unit
Max. Summer Rate CFM Per Unit
Dairy Cattle
1000 lb Cow
1000 lb Cow
1000 lb Cow
1000 lb Cow
1000 lb Cow
1000 lb Cow
3 °C / 36 °F
3 °C / 36 °F
3 °C / 36 °F
5 °C / 41 °F
Conventional fall to spring stabling. Ventilation by windows or doors during summer. Walls insulated less than R 5
Year-round housing. Windowless or non opening windows. Walls & ceilings insulated to at least R10
Milking parlor
Milk Room
21 / Animal
25 / Animal
25 / Stall
--
340/Animal
400/Animal
400/Animal
600/Animal
Calves
Dairy replacements
White Veal
Continuous Housing:
110 lb (1mon.) average calf
140 lb (1mon.) average calf
All-in, all-out housing:
95 lb. at start
300 lb. at finish
Dairy replacements
White Veal
Continuous Housing:
110 lb (1mon.) average calf
140 lb (1mon.) average calf
All-in, all-out housing:
95 lb. at start
300 lb. at finish
3 °C / 45 °F
20 °C / 68 °F
Year-round housing in well insulated barn
Year-round housing in well insulated barn
1 10/Calf
1 16/Calf
1 10/Calf
1 20/Calf
85/Calf
127/Calf
85/Calf
170/Calf
Beef
100 lb. Cow
100 lb. Cow
Ventilation by windows or doors during summer
Walls insulated less than R 5
Year-round housing in well insulated barn
Chickens
Laying Hens
Heavy Breeder Hens
Replacement Pullets
Chicken Broilers
Laying Hens
Heavy Breeder Hens
Replacement Pullets
Chicken Broilers
18 °C / 64 °F
15 °C / 60 °F
15 °C / 60 °F
3 32-18 °C / 90-64°F
3 32-18 °C / 90-64°F
Cages, high density
Litter, up to 1.5 ft.2/bird
Litter or mesh floor
1 or 2 deck cages
Litter, up to 1 ft.2/bird
0.3/ hen
0.4/hen
0.4/hen
0.04-0.4/pullet
0.04-0.3/bird
6/hen
7/hen
7.6/hen
5/pullet
5/bird
Turkeys
Broilers, 0-14 weeks
Heavy Broilers, 18-22 wks
15-20 lb. max.
Breeders
(light to heavy breeds)
Broilers, 0-14 weeks
Heavy Broilers, 18-22 wks
15-20 lb. max.
Breeders
(light to heavy breeds)
3 35-18°C / 95-64°F
15°C / 60°F
15°C / 60°F
Litter
Litter
Litter
0.1-0.6/bird
1-2/bird
1-2/bird
14/bird
19-32/bird
17-30/bird
Swine
Dry Sow
Farrowing Sow & Litter
Weaning Pig 15-55 lb.
Grower, 55-130 lb.
Finisher, 130-220 lb.
Combined, 55-220 lb.
Dry Sow
Farrowing Sow & Litter
Weaning Pig 15-55 lb.
Grower, 55-130 lb.
Finisher, 130-220 lb.
Combined, 55-220 lb.
13°C / 55°F
18°C / 65°F
4 18°C / 65°F
3 24-18°F / 75-65°F
24°C / 75°F
18°C / 65°F
15°C / 60°F
18°C / 65°F
Group Pens
Individual Pens
Farrowing Pens
All-in/all-out housing
Continuous housing
Partly Slotted Floor
Partly Slotted Floor
Partly Slotted Floor
6.3/sow
5.1/sow
15/sow
0.9/pig
1-5/pig
2.5/pig
4.2/pig
3.4/pig
200/sow
200/sow
200/sow
34/pig
25/pig
68/pig
85/pig
74/pig
Horses
1000 lb. Horse
1000 lb. Horse
2°C / 35°F
Year-round insulated stabling, ventilated by windows and doors during summer
20/horse
1700/horse
1. This ventilation rate is considerable greater than that requited to control humidity. It may have to be further increased if it does not give at least four room air changes per hour.
2. 20.3 applies where manure is removed weekly. With deep pit manure storage, increase to 0.5 and increase supplemental heating accordingly.
3. Start day-old chicks, pullets and weaning pigs at the first temperature and gradually decrease temperature as they grow.
4. 18°C / 65°F ISA comfortable room temperature for the sow, but newborn piglets need 29°-80°C / 84°-86°F min. Provide a heated creep and gradually decrease creep temperature to 24°C / 75°F as piglets grow.
5. Not over one air change per minute for sensitive stock.